ON THE EDGE WITH CMOs
To most people, cliff diving--that is jumping
from extraordinary heights into deep inlets or natural pools--is
a risky practice that only daredevils undertake. For Kevin Ingram,
it's just another sport and a way to keep in shape and stay sharp.
Maintaining an edge is always a premium on Wall
Street, especially if you're a 34-year-old vice president who
runs three desks at Goldman Sachs & Co. In this position,
Ingram oversees trading of primary and secondary collateralized
mortgage obligations (CMO), secondary asset-backed securities
and adjustable-rate mortgages. The mortgage market is a booming
one, valued on a scale with the national debt, in the trillions
of dollars. Two hundred billion dollars in CMOs were created in
the first six months of this year alone, Ingram says.
(CMOs were developed in response to the fact that
investors in mortgage-backed securities, such as Ginnie Maes,
were unable to predict the pace at which their capital would be
repaid. CMOs manage this risk by dividing mortgage pools into
short-, medium- and long-term portions.)
Ingram's job is to issue and structure CMOs to
satisfy the needs of Goldman Sachs' major institutional clients,
including insurance companies, banks, thrifts, pension funds and
asset managers. The job is a critical one that requires Ingram
to carefully weigh the risk he puts on Goldman Sachs' balance
sheet against the potential return for the firm and its clients.
"People tend to think of this as a mystical area," Ingram
says, "but it's really a practice. You develop a group of
skills and rules and ethics. You use them over and over again
to make tough decisions."
One of the toughest decisions Ingram ever made
was to abandon his engineering plans in favor of business school.
In 1980, the Philadelphia native graduated from the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology with a degree in chemical engineering
and went on to seek a master's degree as a Western Electric Research
Scholar in Engineering at Stanford University. After leaving school
to work as an engineer for a year, Ingram entered Stanford's Graduate
School of Business.
Ingram launched his career at Lehman Brothers
as an associate. A week after he started, Lehman was sold to Shearson/American
Express and went public. Determined to be part of a traditional
partnership, Ingram moved to Goldman Sachs one year later. "The
partnership structure allows more direct access to top-level decision
makers," says Ingram, who from the beginning was determined
to work with and learn from the top players in the industry. In
1988, he was promoted to vice president. He took over the CMO
trading desk in February. Now junior traders look to him for leadership.
As head of his area, "It's not enough to
be a great market caller," says Ingram, who is modest, introspective
and sits on his firm's 2-year old Diversity Committee. "My
accounts know I will listen to their issues, treat them with highest
confidentiality and put their interests before mine. If you do
that repeatedly, they keep coming back. You're not just a trader
then, you're like a family doctor. You're a good businessman."
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